Mushango uswa, chirimwa chikuru asi chine mwero mumhuri yehuswa (Poaceae) chine hunhu hwakasiyana: Zvirimwa zvemamwe marudzi zvinokura kubva pa70 cm kusvika pamita (27.5 inches uye 39.3 inches). . Inokwanisa kubata kabhoni dioxide yakapetwa katatu kusvika kana kana pazuva kupfuura mimwe miriwo, inotumbuka makore ese zana kusvika zana nemakumi mashanu paavhareji asi yobva yafa, midzi yayo isingapfuure 100 cm (39.3 inches), kunyangwe yakareba painokura, hunde dzayo dzinogona kusvika mamita makumi maviri nemashanu (82.02 ft) mumakore matatu chete, uye dzinogona kupa mumvuri unosvika ka60 nzvimbo yacho, asi kwete kupfuura 3 square metres. Manuel Trillo naAntonio Vega-Rioja, nyanzvi mbiri dzezvebhayoloji dzakadzidziswa paYunivhesiti yeSeville kumaodzanyemba kweSpain, vakagadzira nzvimbo yekutanga yemiti yemushango isina kukuvadzwa muEurope. Labhoritari yavo ilabhoritari yemiti yekutsvaga nekushandisa mabhenefiti ese anopiwa nechirimwa, asi mafungiro evanhu nezvemabhenefiti aya akadzika midzi kupfuura midzi yechirimwa.
Kune mahotera, dzimba, zvikoro nemabhiriji emushenjere. Huswa uhwu hunokura nekukurumidza pasi rose, hunopa chikafu, okisijeni, nemumvuri, uye hunokwanisa kuderedza tembiricha yezvakatipoteredza kusvika kumadhigirii Celsius gumi nemashanu zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dzakavhenekerwa nezuva. Zvisinei, hune mutoro wenhema wekuonekwa semhando inopararira, kunyangwe hazvo ingangoita makumi maviri chete pamhando dzinopfuura chiuru nemazana mashanu dzakaonekwa dzinoonekwa sedzinopinda, uye munzvimbo dzakati chete.
"Rusaruro runobva pamavambo anovhiringidza maitiro. Mbatatisi, madomasi nemaorenji hazvisi zvekuEurope, asi hazvipindi. Kusiyana nemiriwo, midzi yemushenjere iri pakati. Inoburitsa dzinde rimwe chete [bazi rinobva pagumbo rimwe chete, maruva kana minzwa]," akadaro Vega Rioja.
Baba vaVega Rioja, nyanzvi yekuvaka, vakatanga kufarira mafekitori aya. Vakapa rudo rwavo kumwanakomana wavo senyanzvi yezvebhayoloji, uye pamwe chete nemumwe wavo Manuel Trillo, vakagadzira rabhoritari yezvirimwa zvezvakatipoteredza kuti vadzidze nekuratidza zvirimwa izvi sezvinhu zvekushongedza, zvemaindasitiri uye zvemamiriro ekunze. Apa ndipo pakabva La Bambuseria, iri makiromita mashoma kubva kuguta guru reAndalusia, uye ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga yekuchengeta mbesa dzemabamboo muEurope.
“Takaunganidza mbeu 10,000, 7,500 dzacho dzakamera, uye takasarudza dzinenge 400 zvichienderana nehunhu hwadzo,” anotsanangura kudaro Vega Rioja. Murabhoritari yake yezvirimwa, inofukidza hekita imwe chete (maeka 2.47) mumupata wakaorera weRwizi rweGuadalquivir, anoratidza mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakajairwa nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana: dzimwe dzacho dzinogona kutsungirira tembiricha inosvika -12 degrees Celsius (10.4 degrees Celsius). Fahrenheit uye dzinopona madutu echando ePhilomena, nepo dzimwe dzichikura mumagwenga. Nzvimbo yakakura yegirinhi inosiyana nemapurazi ezuva nembatatisi ari pedyo. Tembiricha yemugwagwa weasphalt pasuo yaive 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). Tembiricha mukamuri rezvirimwa yaive 25.1 degrees Celsius (77.2 degrees Fahrenheit).
Kunyangwe vashandi vanosvika makumi mashanu vari kukohwa mbatatisi dziri pasi pemamita makumi mashanu kubva kuhotera, kurira kweshiri chete ndiko kunonzwika mukati. Zvakanakira zvemushenjere sechinhu chinobata ruzha zvakadzidzwa zvakanyatsonaka uye tsvakiridzo yakaratidza kuti chinhu chakakodzera chinobata ruzha.
Asi kugona kwemhuka iyi hombe yemiti kwakakura zvikuru. Mashenje, ayo anoumba hwaro hwekudya kwemhuka hombe yepanda uye kunyange chitarisiko chayo, ave aripo muhupenyu hwevanhu kubvira kare, maererano neScientific Reports.
Chikonzero chekuramba kuripo uku ndechekuti pamusoro pekuva chikafu, chimiro chayo chakakosha, chakaongororwa muongororo yeNational Science Review, hachina kufuratirwa nevanhu. Chishandiso ichi chakashandiswa mumagadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana kana kuchengetedza simba kusvika ku20% pakutakura mitoro inorema uchishandisa zvinotsigira zviri nyore. "Zvishandiso izvi zvinoshamisa asi zviri nyore zvinogona kuderedza basa remaoko revashandisi," anotsanangura Ryan Schroeder weYunivhesiti yeCalgary muJournal of Experimental Biology.
Imwe nyaya yakaburitswa muGCB Bioenergy inotsanangura kuti mushenje unogona sei kuva chinhu chinobatsira pakuvandudza simba rinogona kushandiswazve. "Bioethanol nebiochar ndizvo zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvinogona kuwanikwa," anotsanangura Zhiwei Liang wekuHungary University of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
Chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti bamboo ikwanise kushandura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana ndechekuti tambo dziri mu silinda yayo ine mhango dzakaita sei, dzakagadziriswa kuti dziwedzere simba rayo nekugona kwayo kukotama. "Kutevedzera kureruka uye kusimba kwembongoro, nzira inonzi biomimicry, kwakabudirira mukugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu," akadaro Motohiro Sato weHokkaido University, uyo ariwo munyori wePlos One study. Nekuda kweizvi, membrane yembongoro ine mvura inoita kuti ive chirimwa chinokura nekukurumidza pasi rose, uye izvi zvakakurudzira timu yevaongorori paQueensland University of Technology kugadzira maelectrode emabhatiri anoshanda zvakanyanya kuti akwanise kuchaja nekukurumidza.
Mashandisirwo nekushandiswa kwemushenjere kwakakura, kubva pakugadzira midziyo yekubikira inoora kusvika pakugadzira mabhasikoro kana fenicha munzvimbo dzese dzekuvaka. Nyanzvi mbiri dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzekuSpain dzatotanga nzira iyi. "Hatisati tamborega kutsvaga," akadaro Trillo, uyo anofanira kuwedzera ruzivo rwake rwezvinhu zvipenyu neruzivo rwekurima. Vaongorori vanobvuma kuti vaisagona kuita chirongwa ichi vasina kudzidziswa kwake, kwaakawana kubva kumuvakidzani wake Emilio Jiménez nedhigirii remaster's.
Kuzvipira kumarabhoritari emiti kwakaita kuti Vega-Rioja ive mutengesi wekutanga wepamutemo wembanje muThailand. Iye naTrillo vanoramba vachiedza kubereka mbesa dzakasiyana kuti vagadzire zvirimwa zvine hunhu hwakasiyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwazvinoitwa kana nzvimbo yazvinorimwa, kana kutsvaga mbeu dzakasiyana pasi rose dzinogona kudhura kusvika kumadhora gumi imwe neimwe kuti dzigadzire mhando dzinosvika mazana maviri dzembeu.
Imwe nzira inoshanda nekukurumidza uye inobatsira kwenguva pfupi ndeyekugadzira nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzisingapindi zvipembenene munzvimbo dzakati wandei uko mhinduro dzemamiriro ekunze dzinogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa ivhu shoma (mhangura inogona kutodyarwa mudziva rekushambira) pasina kukuvara.
Vanotaura nezvenzvimbo dziri pedyo nemigwagwa mikuru, zvikoro, nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, nzvimbo dzakavhurika, fenzi dzekugara, migwagwa mikuru, kana nzvimbo dzisina miti. Vanoti mushenjere hausi mhinduro yemiti yemuno, asi sechishandiso chekuvhiya panzvimbo dzinoda kufukidzwa nemiti nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinobatsira kubata kabhoni dhayokisaidhi yakawanda sezvinobvira, zvinopa 35% okisijeni yakawanda, uye zvinoderedza tembiricha ne15 degrees Celsius mumamiriro ekunze akaipisisa.
Mitengo inotangira pa €70 ($77) kusvika pa €500 ($550) pa mita imwe yemushenjere, zvichienderana nemutengo wekugadzira zvirimwa uye kusiyana kwemhando yemuti unodiwa. Huswa hunogona kupa chimiro chichagara mazana emakore, nemutengo wakaderera pa mita imwe neimwe yekuvaka, mvura yakawanda inoshandiswa mumakore matatu ekutanga, uye mvura shoma inoshandiswa mushure mekuibva uye kurara kwenguva refu.
Vanogona kutsigira izvi nezvombo zvesainzi. Semuenzaniso, ongororo yemaguta eEurope mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nematatu yakaburitswa mujenari reNature yakawana kuti nzvimbo dzemaguta, kunyangwe dziri dzegirinhi, dzinopisa zvakanyanya kaviri kana kana kupfuura nzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nemiti kana zvirimwa zvirefu. Masango emubamboo anotora kabhoni dioxide kupfuura mamwe marudzi emasango.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-14-2023
