Mukurwisana nekuwedzera kwekuparadzwa kwemiti, kuparadzwa kwemasango, uye kutyisidzira kuri kuuya kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, matanda emushenjere nematanda emushenjere ari kubuda semagamba asingakudzwe mukutsvaga mhinduro dzinogara kwenguva refu. Kunyangwe zvisiri muboka remiti—matanda emushenjere ari huswa uye matanda emushenjere ari muchindwe chinokwira—miti iyi inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mumasango pasi rese. Tsvagiridzo ichangoburwa yakaitwa neInternational Bamboo and Rattan Organisation (INBAR) neRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, yakawana mhando dzematanda emushenjere dzinopfuura 1600 nemarudzi ematanda emushenjere mazana matanhatu, muAfrica, Asia, neAmerica.
Tsime reupenyu reMiti neMhuka
Mashenje ne rattan zvinoshanda senzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza mhuka dzakawanda dzesango, kusanganisira mhuka dzakawanda dziri munjodzi. Panda hombe inozivikanwa, ine chikafu chayo chinosvika 40 kg pazuva, inongova muenzaniso mumwe chete. Kunze kwemapanda, zvisikwa zvakaita se red panda, gorilla yemakomo, nzou yeIndia, bere reSouth America, ploughshare tortoise, uye Madagascar bamboo lemur zvese zvinoenderana ne shenjere kuti zviwane chikafu. Michero ye rattan inopa chikafu chakakosha kushiri dzakasiyana-siyana, zviremwa, tsoko, nebere rezuva rekuAsia.
Pamusoro pekuchengetedza mhuka dzesango, mushenjere unoratidza kuti ndiwo musimboti wekudya kwezvipfuyo, uchipa chikafu chemombe, huku, nehove chinodhura uye chinodhura gore rose. Ongororo yeINBAR inoratidza kuti kudya kwakagadzirwa nemashizha emushenjere kunowedzera sei kukosha kwekudya kwezvipfuyo, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kugadzirwa kwemukaka wemombe pagore munzvimbo dzakadai seGhana neMadagascar.
Mabasa Akakosha Ekuchengetedza Hunhu Hwezvinhu
Mushumo we2019 wakaitwa neINBAR neCIFOR unoratidza mabasa akasiyana-siyana uye ane simba ekuchengetedza nharaunda anopiwa nemasango emushenjere, achipfuura emasango ehuswa, minda yekurima, uye masango akaora kana akadyarwa. Mushumo uyu unosimbisa basa remushenjere mukupa mabasa ekutonga, akadai sekugadzirisa nzvimbo, kudzora kudonha kwevhu, kuwedzera mvura pasi pevhu, uye kuchenesa mvura. Uyezve, mushenjere unobatsira zvikuru mukutsigira mararamiro ekumaruwa, zvichiita kuti uve nzvimbo yakanaka yekutsiva masango anodyarwa kana minda yakaora.
Imwe nzira inokosha yekubatsira mukuchengetedza nharaunda yemushenjere kugona kwayo kudzoreredza ivhu rakaora. Midzi yakakura yemushenjere inosunga ivhu, inodzivirira mvura kuyerera, uye inorarama kunyangwe biomass iri pamusoro pevhu ikaparadzwa nemoto. Mapurojekiti anotsigirwa neINBAR munzvimbo dzakadai seAllahabad, India, akaratidza kukwira kwemvura uye kushandurwa kwenzvimbo yaimbova isina chinhu yekuchera zvidhinha kuita ivhu rekurima rinobereka. MuEthiopia, mushenjere imhando inonyanya kukosheswa muchirongwa chinotsigirwa neWorld Bank chekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakaora, dzine mahekita anopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matatu pasi rose.
Tsime Rinochengetedza Raramo
Miti yemushenje ne rattan, sezvo iri minda inokura nekukurumidza uye inozvivandudza, inoshanda senzira dzekudzivirira kuparadzwa kwemiti uye kurasikirwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti. Kukura kwavo nekukurumidza uye kuwanda kwemiti yemushenje kunogonesa masango emushenje kupa biomass yakawanda kupfuura masango echisikigo neezvakadyarwa, zvichiita kuti ave anokosha pakudya, kudya, matanda, bioenergy, uye zvinhu zvekuvaka. Miti yemushenje, sechirimwa chinozadza miti nekukurumidza, inogona kukohwewa pasina kukanganisa miti.
Kubatanidzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuderedza urombo kunoonekwa muzvirongwa zvakaita seInBAR's Dutch-Sino-East Africa Bamboo Development Programme. Nekudyara bambu munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mapaki enyika, chirongwa ichi hachingopi chete nharaunda dzemunharaunda zvinhu zvekuvaka zvinogara kwenguva refu uye zvekushandisa pamaoko asiwo chinodzivirira nzvimbo dzemagorira emumakomo emuno.
Imwe purojekiti yeINBAR muChishui, China, inotarisa pakuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemabango. Ichishanda pamwe chete neUNESCO, chirongwa ichi chinotsigira mabasa ekurarama kwenguva refu uchishandisa bango rinokura nekukurumidza senzvimbo yekuwana mari. Chishui, nzvimbo yeUNESCO World Heritage, inoisa mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza nharaunda yayo yechisikigo, uye bango rinobuda sechinhu chakakosha mukusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kugara zvakanaka kwehupfumi.
Basa reINBAR mukusimudzira tsika dzinogara kwenguva refu
Kubva muna 1997, INBAR yave ichitsigira kukosha kwemushenjere nerattan mukusimudzira nharaunda, kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwemasango nekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvinoshamisa kuti sangano iri rakaita basa guru mukusimudzira mutemo wenyika wemushenjere weChina, richipa mazano kuburikidza nemapurojekiti akaita seBamboo Biodiversity Project.
Parizvino, INBAR iri kuita mapurojekiti ekugovera mbatya pasi rose, ichipa mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa zviuru zvevabatsiri gore rega rega kubva kuNhengo dzeNyika dzayo kuti ikurudzire manejimendi ari nani yezviwanikwa. Semucherechedzi weUN Convention on Biological Diversity, INBAR inotsigira zvakasimba kuti mbatya ne rattan zvibatanidzwe mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana enyika nematunhu pamwe nekuronga masango.
Muchidimbu, matanda emushenjere nemiti yemugwenzi anobuda sevatsigiri vane simba mukurwisa kutemwa kwemiti uye kurasikirwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti. Zvirimwa izvi, zvinowanzo furatirwa mumitemo yemasango nekuda kwekusaiswa kwemiti mumapoka azvo, zvinoratidza kugona kwazvo sezvishandiso zvine simba zvekusimudzira nharaunda nekuchengetedza nharaunda. Kutamba kwakaoma pakati pezvirimwa izvi zvinogara kwenguva refu uye nharaunda yazvinogara kunoratidza kugona kwechisikigo kupa mhinduro kana zvikapihwa mukana.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-10-2023
